Maps are flat, but the surfaces they represent are curved. Transforming, three-dimensional space onto a two dimensional map is called “projection”. This process inevitably distorts at least one of the following properties:

• Shape,
• Area,
• Distance,
• Direction, and often more.

It is known that a globe is a true representation of the earth, which is divided into various sectors by the lines of latitudes and longitudes. This network is called ‘graticule’. A map projection denotes the preparation of the graticule on a flat surface.

Theoretically map projection might be defined as “a systematic drawing of parallels of latitude and meridians of longitudes on a plane surface for the whole earth or a part of it on a certain scale so that any point on the earth surface may correspond to that on the drawing.”